Science-based targets (SBTs)
What are science-based targets?
Science-based targets (SBTs) are greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets aligned with the latest climate science. They ensure that a company's decarbonisation efforts are consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5°C, as set out by the Paris Agreement.
The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)
Established in 2015, the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) develops globally recognised methodologies and frameworks for corporate climate action. In 2021, the SBTi launched the Corporate Net-Zero Standard, which defines the criteria for setting near- and long-term SBTs. Over 10,000 companies now have validated targets through the SBTi.
- Near-term targets cover a 5–10 year horizon, driving immediate emissions reductions
- Long-term targets define the pathway to net zero emissions, which must be achieved no later than 2050
SBTi's Corporate Net-Zero Standard Version 2.0 (CNZS 2.0)
In June 2026, the SBTi published Version 2.0 of its Corporate Net-Zero Standard, which was a major revision representing the most comprehensive framework for corporate climate action to date. The update shifts the focus from ambition-setting to real-world implementation, providing companies with an expanded toolkit for setting and delivering on science-based targets.
Key changes in CNZS 2.0
- Separate scope 1 and 2 targets with multiple target-setting methods available for each (e.g. absolute reduction, intensity reduction, asset transition plans, or low-carbon electricity share).
- Tiered company responsibilities based on size, sector, and geography, including a mandatory carbon removal purchase requirement (from 2035) for large companies in high-income countries.
- Mandatory governance, transition planning, and third-party assurance as part of the target-setting process.
- Implementation hierarchy requiring companies to prioritise direct emissions reductions before pursuing indirect actions or market instruments.
CNZS 2.0 Timeline
Companies can begin preparing targets under Version 2.0 immediately, with the SBTi Services Validation Portal expected to open for V2.0 submissions in Q1 2027. From February 2028, Version 2.0 will become mandatory for all new target submissions. Companies with existing validated targets under prior versions can continue using them through their current target cycle.
Science-based targets and net zero
A comprehensive corporate carbon footprint (CCF) across all scopes and categories of the GHG Protocol forms the foundation for developing SBTs. The GHG Protocol provides a standardised, comparable framework for calculating emissions.
The CCF establishes a baseline from which companies can:
- Identify their largest emission sources
- Define reduction ambitions across scopes and categories
- Prioritise the most impactful reduction levers
The goal is to enable businesses to reach net zero through transparent, science-aligned target setting, benefiting both the environment and stakeholder confidence.
Science-based targets by scope
Scopes 1 and 2
Since scope 1 and scope 2 emissions come from a company's own operations, the SBTi requires high coverage, in this case for a 1.5°C-aligned pathway:
- Near-term coverage required: ≥ 90% of emissions
- Long-term (net zero) coverage required: ≥ 95% of emissions
Companies may also set a separate scope 2 target by committing to 100% renewable energy procurement, rather than a percentage-reduction target.
Scope 3
Scope 3 emissions, covering all indirect emissions across the value chain, often account for 75% or more of a company's total footprint. Calculating and reducing these emissions is more complex, which is why a robust data strategy is essential.
- Near-term coverage required: ≥ 67% of emissions
- Long-term (net zero) coverage required: ≥ 90% of emissions
How ClimatePartner supports SBT development
ClimatePartner helps companies set science-based targets aligned with the latest SBTi requirements. Start with carbon accounting, then develop targets and submit to the SBTi portal for validation with ClimatePartner. Get in touch today!
